On the morning of the first day of the Lamb/Nicklinson appeal in London's Court of Appeal, EPC-E Chair Dr Peter Saunders was asked by BBC Radio 5Live presenter Nicky Campbell about evidence for a slippery slope following the legalisation of euthanasia in Belgium and the Netherlands.

He writes:

In my answer I mentioned the steady escalation in numbers of cases in both these countries (see here and here) and said that one third of nurses had carried out euthanasia illegally in Belgium and that one third of cases in some parts of Belgium had been involuntary although the law did not allow this.

I also mentioned the 'Groningen Protocol' under which disabled babies had been given lethal injections in the Netherlands.

Campbell asked me on air to email him information about this claim and another BBC journalist phoned me after the interview to check my sources.

I sent her a link to the original paper on the 'Groningen Protocol' from the New England Journal of Medicine in 2005.

The full reference is 'Verhagen E, Sauer P. "The Groningen Protocol—Euthanasia in Severely Ill Newborns." New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 352(10):959-62'

It says that 'Twenty-two cases of euthanasia in newborns have been reported to district attorneys' offices in the Netherlands during the past seven years' but also highlights underreporting:

'Given that the national survey indicated that such procedures are performed in 15 to 20 newborns per year, the fact that an average of three cases were reported annually suggests that most cases are simply not being reported.'

The 22 babies killed all had spina bifida and/or hydrocephalus - conditions which many disabled people live with in Britain today (Here is another report on the protocol from CBHD citing the 22 documented cases).

Under the 'Groningen Protocol' the termination of a child's life (under age 12) is acceptable if four requirements were properly fulfilled:

• The presence of hopeless and unbearable suffering
• The consent of the parents to termination of life
• Medical consultation having taken place
• Careful execution of the termination

More recent reports suggest there has been a reduction in cases of direct newborn euthanasia in the Netherlands since 2005 because of:

• more efficient prenatal detection and late abortion;
• more use of 'terminal sedation' not recorded officially as euthanasia; and
• continued underreporting.

Other issues I mentioned to the BBC in my email included:

• Almost half of Belgium's euthanasia nurses have admitted to killing without consent, despite the fact that involuntary euthanasia is illegal in Belgium and that nurses are not allowed to perform even voluntary euthanasia.
• In Belgium, nearly half of all cases of euthanasia are not reported to the Federal Control and Evaluation Committee. Legal requirements were more frequently not met in unreported cases than in reported cases and a written request for euthanasia was absent in 88%.
• A recent study found that in the Flemish part of Belgium, 66 of 208 cases of 'euthanasia' (32%) occurred in the absence of request or consent.
• According to a recent report Belgium is now the 'world leader' in organ removal after euthanasia with at least nine cases since 2005 but suggestions are that there would have been many more had more euthanasia patients had transplantable organs.
• The stunning 5,000% increase in Belgian euthanasia cases in eleven years since legalisation.
• Summary of recent developments in Netherlands documenting a 15-20% increase in euthanasia cases per year since 2006 (gives good overview of overall situation).
• The latest Lancet paper on the subject giving 12.3% as the figure for terminal sedation deaths in the Netherlands and summarising other past papers in NEJM/Lancet.